Example research essay topic Awakening Eyes 1,821 words Essay Example

Example research essay topic: Awakening Eyes 1,821 words Essay first confrontation with Joe, she declares that Ah knows uh few things, and womenfolks thinks sometimes too! (Hurston 67). No longer will she tolerate being looked down upon by a man; she strives to be seen as an equal. Her vision of Joe bringing change to her life has been dashed as her image of Jody down and shattered (Hurston 68). Dominance will not conquer her now because she has been confronted by her desires. She comes to terms that she had an inside and an outside now and suddenly she knew how not to mix them (Hurston 68). She has found her own identity. After Joes death, independent for the first time in her life, she exults in the freedom feeling (Wall 387). Janie feels ready to disobey Joes rules and live freely, however, [s]he cannot claim her autonomy, because she is not yet capable of imagining herself except in relationship to a man (Wall 387). Edna does not need death to free her from the role of a wife of a prosperous man and uses her own initiative to finally sever her relationship with Leonce. He is described as a rather couteous husband so long as he met a certain tacit submissiveness in his wife. But her new and unexpected line of conduct completely bewildered him. It shocked him. Then, her absolute disregard for her duties as a wife angered him. When Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Awakening Eyes 1,821 words specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Awakening Eyes 1,821 words specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Example research essay topic: Awakening Eyes 1,821 words specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pontellier became rude, Edna grew insolent. She had resolved never to take another step backward. (Chopin 95) Hence, she is now determined to achieve complete emancipation. During these times, women rarely emerged from behind the mother-woman mask (Chopin 16). Men directed, and women remained submissive. Now, Edna and Janie are no longer one of [their husbands] possessions to dispose of or not (Chopin 178). They evolve as individuals and are prepared to continue their quest for self-determination. The symbolism of the bird and the pear tree continues to evolve to reflect the metamorphoses of Edna and Janie. The bird, once warning Edna to leave, now greets her in song. Edna has inhaled the breath of freedom as she experiences her first steps outside of the cage. Filled with confidence, she can embark on a journey of flight. Like a young bird, she must find assistance to direct her in the right path and allow her to spread her wings. The tree, once barren, is preparing to bloom in the spring. Janie now finds herself in the springtime of life and needs only to be watered by someone to flourish and flower. Janie has strong roots and a solid foundation that propel her on her course to freedom. With the help of two new relationships, Edna and Janie progress towards liberation. Although experiencing true equality is not possible, through Edna and Janies relationships with Robert Leburn and Vergible Tea Cake Woods, respectively, the roles of dominance are shared. Robert and Tea Cake are an alternative definition of manhood, one that does not rely on external manifestations of power, money, and position (Wall. 388). These new lovers are the antithesis of their previous perceptions of men. From the beginning of Edna and Roberts relationship, he lived in her shadow (Chopin 20). Ready to obey her commands, Robert demurs to Ednas requests. She directs him towards her needs and tells him when to come; go; stand up; sit down; do this; do that; so that he knows she has control (Chopin 21). He holds some control too though, over her mind. Her mind becomes blocked under the spell of her infatuation. [. . .] it was his being, his existence which dominated her thought, fading sometimes as if it would melt into the mist of the forgotten, reviving again with an intensity which filled her with an incomprehensible longing (Chopin 90). Although Robert accepts her as an equal, Edna feels some submissiveness due to her obsession for him. She knows she will do anything to be in his arms. Infatuation also absorbs Janies mind as she encounters Tea Cake, a man who confirms Janies right to self-expression and invites her to share equally in their adventures (Wall 388). Janie is no longer restricted because of her sex. Kubischek explains that their relationship rejects ordinary conceptions of dominant and subordinate sex roles. Tea Cake is Janies companion on her quest, not her master or mentor (25). No one delegates responsibilities to the other because they look upon each other as a partner for life, which was Janies initial view of marriage. Unlike in her last relationships, chores are not designated by sex, but shared. It is evident that the adjustment involves more than Janies expansion into previously male roles: Just as she works beside Tea Cake in the fields, he helps prepare supper (Kubischek 25). By partaking in a joint union, Janie is finally able to view herself as an equal and is no longer ashamed of being a woman. She, too, is succumbed with a self-crushing love for him; a love that causes her soul [to crawl] out from its hiding place to be free (Hurston 122). In these relationships, Edna and Janie trust emotion over intellect, value the spiritual over the material, preserve a sense of humor and are comfortable with their sensuality (Wall 388). Edna and Janie find a part of themselves in Robert and Tea Cake. They discover avenues towards emancipation and self-assessment. Despite the apparent success of their latest relationships, Edna and Janie are ultimately doomed by too much dependence on a love that does not last. Edna loses herself in her dreams about Robert, for dreams are the place, the only place, where romance can exist (Dyer 79). She continues to fantasize and reflects on tender memories when apart; the distance between her and Robert only makes her heart grow fonder. Dyer suggests, Edna has momentarily forgotten the lesson she learned at Madame Antoines: an awakening can not be brought about by another, but only by oneself (80). No matter how much desire she feels for Robert, only he can direct the course of his emotions. Dyer goes on to imply that the dream can no longer be so easily re-created; it can be recalled only in a sort of stupor. And the conclusion of the dream is cynicism, not hope and joy and exultation. Edna is coming to know, of course, that romance can only be dreamed, not lived (81). In spite of the truth, Edna goes on to believe in her ideal man and romantic love. Romance only offers her temporary dependency, which is supported by the imagery of Edna and Robert leaning toward each other as the water oaks bent from the sea. There was not a particle of earth beneath their feet (Chopin 37). There is no stability or foundation in their relationship, which indirectly leads to her undoing. Unrealistically, the sensitive but conventional Robert Leburn becomes for Edna the embodiment of ideal and romantic love, her beloved one (74). He is a vision that evokes in her the belief that she is living for something. Like Edna, Janie envisions Tea Cake as an ideal man. In her opinion, she couldnt make him look just like any other man to her. He looked like the love thoughts of women. He could be a bee to a blossoma pear tree blossom in the spring. He seemed to be crushing scent out of the world with his footsteps. [. . .] He was a glance from God (Hurston 101). In her eyes, he represents everything she wishes to become. He is self-determined and free. Tea Cake is the purposeful, self-reliant, industrious, and courageous wanderer as an ideal man type. Theoretically he was complemented by the ideal woman, his strong supportive spouse who could assume an independent and self-reliant role herself if the situation required it (Kilson 21). Janie and Tea Cake mirror one another in their actions, devotion, and courage. By learning and working with Tea Cake, Janie has explored the soul of her culture and learned how to value herself (Wall 388-89). It is this self-value that allows Janie to free herself from the yolk of male domination. These final relationships that Edna and Janie have entered into expose them to emotions and awakenings that they were denied in their previous experiences. Their quests for self-determination have ended. The bird now soars in the air with its wings entirely stretched and the pear tree is in full bloom. Edna escapes from societys views and mans control and lives for a moment above the rest. She relishes in ecstasy with the feeling of love. Janie has been watered with love and is experiencing daylight for the first time. As she soaks in life, she has finally been awakened and is free. But a bird must always alight and a tree is subject to the changing of seasons. Even though death intervenes, Edna and Janie triumph and proceed through their final phase of evolution in male dominance. Edna returns to the comfort of the ocean, the environment in which she experienced her initial awakening. Again, she swims far out, but this time does not return. Going out into the sea, she feels like some new-born creature, opening its eyes in a familiar world it had never known (Chopin 189). Her soul is awakened and she drowns as a liberation from the cage of marriage, societies rules, and family (Wyatt 3). Janies liberation is sadly achieved with the death of Tea Cake, but it teaches her a salient lesson. Returning to the town where Janie established a foundation for her identity, she brings back to her community, that self-fulfillment rather than security and status is the gift of life (Christian 59). She accepts her fate and is now content to be on her own as she continues with her life. Edna and Janie harbor a strong desire to be independent and thought of as individuals without regard to gender. They both possessed the self-determination that was necessary to overcome the male dominance that they experienced on a personal level and in society as well. Because of their persistent drive, each woman finally attained the freedom they so sincerely sought. Bibliography: Works Cited Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Interpretations: Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Chelsea, 1987. Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. New York: Avon, 1972. Christian, Barbara. Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition, 1892- 1976. Connecticut: Greenwood, 1980. Dyer, Joyce. The Awakening: A Novel of Beginnings. New York: Twayne, 1993. Fleischmann, Fritz, ed. American novelists Revisited: Essays in feminist Criticism. Boston: Hall, 1982. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Harper, 1937. Kubitschek, Missy Dehn. Tuh de Horizon and Back: The Female Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God. Modern Critical Interpretations: Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1987. 19-33. Masturzo, Sharon. A Guide to Internet Resources for Kate Chopins The Awakening (1899). University of South Florida. 14 Feb. 2000 . Wall, Cheryl A. Zora Neale Hurston: Changing Her Own Words. American Novelists Revisited: Essays in Feminist Criticism. Ed. Fritz Fleischmann. Boston: Hall, 1982. 371-92. Wyatt, Neal. Women Writers. Virginia Commonwealth University. 18 Feb. 2000 ..

Martin Eden as Jack London essays

Martin Eden as Jack London essays Jack Londons best novel Martin Eden is full of despair and fight with the failures and disappointment. It is nearly as moving as the biography of the author himself. Jack London perfectly revealed the life of the sailor and worker, which is very similar to his own life story in spirit and content also. The main character of the book, Martin Eden worked extremely hard to reach the heights of intellectual development. He worked not only by studying, but also he had to stand a lot of hard physical work, from which he had to make his living. The American Dream of success fascinated both Martin Eden and Jack London. Martins destiny reflects the experiences of the authors own life. During the first years of writing, Jack London met with many difficulties, which influenced Edens literary work too. Furthermore, Jack London hated oppression and capitalism. The same we can say about Martin Eden. He was out of bourgeois world, but could not return to his class also. Both Martin Eden and Jack London ended their lives by committing a suicide. Eden, as well as London could not find the way through stereotyped society and their life, full of contradictions. On the other hand, there are also some differences in the stories of those two men. Firstly, Martin Eden was not married at all, while Jack London had two wives during his life. Secondly, Martin Eden had no children. What is more, Martin was much younger when he committed a suicide than Jack London at the time he ended his life. Also, Jack Londons mother was alive, while Martin had only a sister. In conclusion I think that Martin Eden is very realistic and persuasive story, in which author frankly tells the sweets and the bitters of life of a young man, according to his own experience. ...

Nursing Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example Obviously, the therapy directed specifically to the cancer is not working any more. The medical decision was to provide palliative care at home. The nurse in this case has also been requested by the family to refrain from disclosing her diagnosis to her. The patient asks about a particular medication given to her by the nurse. While the medication actually is an anticancer drug, the nurse is instructed by the family members to tell that it is a stool softener. The client does not have any clear directives about end of life care. The family wants her to be kept out of the loop in care. Although family can provide further information about the clients characteristics, lifestyle, value, and beliefs, here they are clearly paternalistic and have decided to violate patients autonomy. The nurse at any cost must preserve autonomy of the patient regarding her own care. When the nurse is asked to tell the patient a lie about the medicine she is taking, the principle of fidelity or faithfulness is violated (Ferrell and Coyle, 2006). This ethical dilemma will be analyzed from the nursing ethical principles based on Bandman and Bandman shared decision making model. The nurse in this situation is indirectly forced to lie for the family to the patient. Not complying with the familys wishes may cause dismissal of the nurses service to the patient. This is an ethical dilemma (Teno, 2004). It is clear that the family has denied the client’s right to self determination. The American Nurses Association advocates full autonomy to the patient will total disclosure of facts regarding healthcare and healthcare decisions. It is clear that she has not been fully informed, and she is not being helped to comprehend her conditions. According to this principle, the nurse should provide the patient with the opportunity to make her own decisions related to her health-care needs. Moreover, misinforming patients regarding their care or medications violates the principle of

Issue 18&19 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issue 18 - Coursework Example Memphis University scholars suggest that overseas outsourcing have more advantages to an organization. For instance, it enables the firm to pursue the most labor cost. Labor cost varies significantly from one country to another. Therefore, outsourcing will allow the company to choose the country that it feels that its work is not very costly (Axelrod, 2004). Moreover, adopting lower labor cost will enable the organization to produce its services at a lower cost and as well provide services at more reduced prices. Finally, reduced Labor allows the organization enhances their business profits. Because of deferent perception to outsourcing, it can create a platform for politics. For instance, many argue that outsourcing causes the jobs that can be done by the locals to move overseas. On the other hand, outsourcing will also help the particular country to boost its domestic economy. On the contrary, practitioners argue that offshoring can have the local options (Müller & Müller, 2000). Firms seek to offshore labor in order to keep labor cost at a minimum level as possible, so as their services and products can reach their potential customers at a lesser cost. From an international point of view, countries outsource professional jobs to countries that have the most cost efficient labor. The most popular outsourcing countries are China and India. Employees in these countries have adequate educational backgrounds to enable them to carry successfully out the tasks ahead of them. However, outsourcing has its merits and demerits that firms and countries need to put into consideration before starting the exercise. Outsourcing allows the company to operate in an increasingly competitive marketplace across the world. In addition, outsourcing enables the firm provides service and products in 24 hours daily, more so to the customers who need around the clock

Can it Explain why the United States has Higher Crime Rates Than Other Essay

Can it Explain why the United States has Higher Crime Rates Than Other Countries - Essay Example In criminology, the Social Bonding Theory (which was earlier known as the Social Control Theory) proposes that exploiting the process socialization and social learning builds self-control and reduces the inclination to indulge in such behavior that is considered and recognized as antisocial. The Social Bond Theory proposes that "people's relationships, commitments, values, norms, and beliefs encourage them not to break the law." ("Wikipedia", 2006). The Social Bond Theory has evolved dramatically throughout the years, not only with its titled name, but through the separately distinguished proposals of different persons, and also by the way it has been accepted and understood by not only criminologists themselves, but also the world in general. The evolution of this theory is of particular importance, and the originality of it must be recognized and understood just as much as the modern day from of the theory. The Social Bond Theory is a topic of great discussion and even greater importance, in that its assistance and propositions in regards to criminology have aided the field in many ways. There are several different forms of the theory itself, which have been proposed by several persons over the years, and yet each theory's basis remains the same - to understand the ways in which it is possible to reduce the likelihood of criminality developing in individuals, which is, of course, a dramatically new stance in criminology altogether. The purpose of this paper is to review and understand the different perspectives and proposals which have been taken on the Social Bond Theory, the importance of the theory itself, and to thoroughly discuss each of the assumptions, propositions, empirical findings, and other primary key elements of the Social Bond Theory. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Literature Review: Out of the many different assumptions taken on the Social Bond Theory, there are six which are especially prominent. These six persons consist of (in chronological order): Albert J. Reiss, Jackson Toby, F. Ivan Nye, Walter Reckless, David Matza, and Travis Hirschi. The earliest form of the theory was proposed by Albert J. Reiss, who proposed that delinquency was "behavior consequent to the failure of personal and social controls." (Reiss, 1951: 196). Reiss believed that the failure to internalize socially accepted and prescribed norms of behavior, as well as the lack of social rules that prescribe behavior in the family, the school, and other important social groups; are all also evidently important in the proposal of the Social Bond Theory. Reiss also proposed that the main factor was that personal control problems stemmed from a juvenile's inability to refrain from meeting their needs in a psychiatric sense. Reiss' theory launched a series of studies into insulation and vulnerability factors affecting delinquency. Jackson Toby was another early theorist with his own separate take on the Social Bond Theory. He was the first to introduce the concept of 'stakes in conformity', which in the simplest terms dealt with how much a person has to lose when he or she breaks the law. Toby (1957)

Technology During World War 2

Technology During World War 2 As the battle advanced into a fatal war so did the technology around us. The knowledge most people lacked during the war involved the advantage of the World War. The war carried on as the technology warfare complexed day by day. From Naval to Aerial warfare new weaponry was introduced by each side of the war. Countries around the world revolutionized. The war had finally come to an end however the creation and distribution of new weaponry was never put a halt. Rapid advances in bombs and guns proved deadly, it came very clear to the people that there was much more deaths in WWll then in WWI. Till date the weaponry business strives to introduce further innovation that modernizes our earth as a whole. The weaponry industry determined which opponent of the war had an advantage over the other. It seems like a bad way of advertisement but thats what went on during the war. One side advertised a new weapon or piece of technology and soon was recreated by the other side to be sold in bulk. The war really turned into a game of I can do anything you can do better. Ground Warfare at the time was where the real action took place and where most of the thinking went towards. New advances were pioneered at the battlefield. The Machine Gun being one of the most important pieces of expertise in that time! The Machine Gun was introduced at first as very expensive and hand reloaded. The Machine Gun allowed the biggest advantage to the Germans for quite some time until the allies finally realised what a imperative piece of machinery the machine gun was and hence invested in providing their own military with it. Eventually the Machine Gun surpassed its own incredible ability and was fully automatic. This was a startling time in history; the gun being light, requiring less than 2 people to man the machine and easily portable. Aerial warfare was also a big part of the war. The advantage of being of being able to give a high birds eye view was crucial during the war. At first this was the only goal of the airplane in war. The aerial conflicts werent as well known as ground warfare because becoming a part of the Air Force meant facing the fact that people die on their very first days. Many others live to tell their story. Aviation didnt have an immense effect on the outcome of the ground battles of World War 2 because it was still in its developmental stages. It finally occurred to the Military leaders from both sides and they studied and planned to take advantage of the Airplanes features. ON April 1, 1918 the RAF (Royal Air Force) was finally structured by an amalgamation. When World War I ended, France at the time had the most powerful air force established. Airplane bombings annihilated one coordinate on the map effectively and fairly easily. Aerial warfare was essential during the war however the leaders soon realised there was still one more point where the army was weak; Naval Warfare. Naval warfare had changed significantly during World War II. Limitations were in place when developing new ships because of the short amount of time given for expansion. However a lot of modifying took place during the war that took old working machines and improved them with recent additional features (Also known as retrofitting). More advances arrived for German Submarines nonetheless majority of the experienced and skilled crews had been killed off. The Germans used the U boat in order to primarily stop and/or destroy resources being shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. This was a clever way to make the other side less stable and physically dominant. Submarines were critical in the Pacific Ocean as well as in the Atlantic Ocean. The most important naval advances were preventing submarines in the first place. While others built and developed new technology in the naval field some forces created machinery that destroyed/prevented them. The use of ASDIC (SONAR) became common and so did the fixing of airborne radar which cautioned the troops of imminent attacks. Technology during the world war not only influenced and determined the outcome of the war but changed peoples lives all together. The technology being introduced all through the World War brought many widespread intellectual people who wanted to take these ideas and build upon them. The progress was influential for many future ideas and development in technology that we see today. This meant the war had an impact on any ordinary human being. Furthermore, we wouldnt see the vast growth in Aerial, Naval, and Ground warfare like we do up till now. As a common individual in our society I find it hard to morally justify death as a good thing. The war was a tragic event in our history books nevertheless the consequences of the war also brought us with great innovation we would not have seen so quickly the way we did. Cited List.

The Change from Idealism to Realism In the Process of Growing Up In Bot

Introduction: In both Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility, Jane Austen uses the concept of idealism in contrast with realism to elicit the theme of growing up and the effect it has on the characters’ points of view. This theme is most evident in the female protagonists-- Marianne Dashwood in Sense and Sensibility, and Catherine Morland in Northanger Abbey. Although both characters hold an ideal world in their minds, their personalities differ enormously. While Marianne imagines the world to be perfect and romantic, Catherine lives as a heroine and is constantly on the search for frightening scenes. However, despite this major difference, both protagonists go through memorable life experiences and eventually develop their perception from idealism to realism. In other words, although they possess different personalities, both Marianne and Catherine go through similar experiences of maturing from girls with fantasies to women who are forced to face reality. This then further leads int o the question, what is the effect of growth on a person’s mentality? Marianne Dashwood’s idealism: The Dashwood family has three daughters-- Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret. Among the three, Elinor, the eldest, represents sense as she has â€Å"an excellent heart; her disposition affectionate, and her feelings [are] strong: but she [knows] how to govern them† (Austen 6). In contrast, the second youngest sister Marianne is the representation of sensibility as she is â€Å"sensible and clever, but eager in everything,† she is also â€Å"generous, amiable, interesting†¦ everything but prudent† (Austen 6). After the death of their father, all of Mrs. Dashwood’s estate is taken away by the oldest male in the family, Henry Dashwood. While Elinor and her mother... ...earn from our mistakes-- that is how we grow. In Jane Austen’s novels, Marianne and Catherine are the definition of maturing. As the stories in both progress, Marianne and Catherine learn to take on new challenges and overcome new obstacles. Although there might be heartbreaking moments in their process of growing up, both characters eventually reach their moment of realization and decide to take off their goggles of idealism so to view the world better with the sight of realism. Is not this what life is all about? Living while trying to find a better definition for â€Å"living† and to find a better interpretation of the world we live in? Works Cited Austen, J. (2005). Northanger Abbey. New York City: Barnes & Noble Classics. (Original work published 1818) Austen, J. (1995). Sense and Sensibility. New York City: Dover Publications. (Original work published 1811)

Human Resource Management and Personnel Management Essay

Introduction 1. This report discusses the historical development of Human Resource Management (HRM), identifies the role and purposes of HRM, and also to distinguish between personnel management and HRM. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) defines personnel management as â€Å"the part of management concerned with people at work and with their relationships within an enterprise. It aims to bring together, and develop into an effective organisation, the people within an business, having regard for the welfare of the individual and of working groups, to enable them to make their best contribution to its success.† HRM may be defined as â€Å"a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organisation’s most valued assets: the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives for sustainable competitive advantage†. The Nature and Development of Personnel management 2. HRM obtained acknowledgment in the late 1970’s in the USA, as a label for the way companies such as IBM were managing their people. These companies applied the principles outlined by David Guest (1989) to gain a competitive edge over their competitors. These four principles are listed below. a) Strategic integration -â€Å"the ability of organisations to integrate HRM issues into their strategic plans, to ensure that the various aspects of HRM cohere and for line managers to incorporate a HRM perspective into their decision making†. b) High commitment – â€Å"people must be managed in a way that ensures both their genuine ‘behavioural’ commitment to pursuing the goals of the organisation and their ‘attitudinal’ commitment, reflected in strong identification with the organisation†. c) Flexibility – â€Å"HRM policies must be structured to allow maximum flexibility for the organisation, so it can respond to ever changing business needs: for example, by encouraging functional versatility in employees and by creating ‘an adaptable organisational structure with the capacity to manage innovation†. d) High Quality – â€Å"The notion of quality must run through everything the organisation does, ‘including the management of employees and investment in high-quality employees, which in turn will bear directly on the quality of the goods and services provided†. Personnel management can be traced back to second half of the nineteenth century when Victorian workers were hit hard by the industrialisation, and urbanisation of Britain. Companies such as Cadbury and Rowntree, initiated programmes for their employees managed on their behalf by ‘industrial welfare workers’, the philosophy behind these people was that in the welfare tradition, the work and responsibilities of the personnel officer was directed to the employees, rather than to the strategic concerns of the organisation and its management. The programmes included facilities such as company housing, health care, education for workers’ families and so on. The motivation for these measures included, that they reflected a wider social reform, led by political and religious groups. In the USA groups like Quakers were abolishing slavery, and striving to increase business performance by the moral and social enhancement of their employees. Moreover, as more motivation to convert to these programmes, improved health and education for the workers and their families meant that these employers would have a better reputation with employees and consumers, employees would be more committed and motivated, also there would always be great demand for a job within the company. This can be linked to Maslow’s theory on the hierarchy of needs, in which he states that workers are motivated by five different needs. Physiological- pay, holidays (lower order need) Safety – Health and safety measures, pensions (lower order need) Social – formal and informal groups, social events (lower order need) Self-esteem – power, promotion (higher order need) Self-actualisation – challenging work, developing new skills (higher order need) These programmes and jobs would provide something for each of the lower order needs, therefore increasing motivation throughout the workforce. Furthermore, consumers would feel morally better as they were buying products that were helping the working classes. This could be considered very similar to the ideas linked with the popularity of fair trade products in modern day society. The demise of the working class was outlined at this time when the British government had problems recruiting troops for the Crimean and Boer wars, as many people failed the medical, and the health of the nations labourers was brought into the limelight. The need for negotiation, conflict resolution and the management of relationships between labour and management occurred in 1871 with the legislation of trade unions. This was recognised politically, with formation of the aptly named Labour Representation Committee in 1900, which was renamed in 1906 as the Labour party, which was largely funded by the trade union development. In 1911, the National Insurance Scheme created the first welfare provisions for workers in the result of illness, or unemployment. The establishment of the Ministry of Labour to address wider issues and representations quickly followed this in 1916. In the 1930’s and 40’s management theorists changed attributes of their theories, as scientific management which was in current use came under scrutiny for dehumanising employees. This is when the HRM approach began to appear, being backed by Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor who shifted their attention to the higher order needs, as shown above on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The new key to motivation of the workforce involved ‘job satisfaction’, which it was then believed, could not be achieved just from ‘maintenance’ factors like pay and working conditions. The governments influence on industrial relations, and the workforces continued until the mid 1970’s in conjunction with social reforms in health and education. After this time the UK government did not interfere in collaborated relationships between the employer and employee, with the exception of trade union reform. In spite of that the latter half of the twentieth century saw extreme legislation in all sectors of employment. It was during this era that the industrial relations tradition suggests that the work and the responsibility of the personnel officer was to mediate and even arbitrate between the sides in industrial disputes, to facilitate collective bargaining, negotiation and compliance with the current industrial relations laws. As a response to the escalating speed of organisational expansion and alterations, the control of labour tradition suggests that the work and responsibility of the personnel officer is to support management by regulating the range of workplace activity. This includes job allocation, performance, absenteeism, pay, communication, training, and so on. The CIPD have endeavoured to establish personnel management as a career, by providing a programme of learning resulting in a qualification. However, many personnel managers do not posses this qualification and this is rarely seen as an obstruction within the career. It is safe to say that all personnel managers will use remnants of the welfare, industrial, and the control of labour traditions to become part of the professional tradition that is occurring today. The Role and Tasks of the Personnel Function 3. Personnel specialists can take various roles like line mangers, advisors, service providers, auditors, Co-ordinators and planners and in today’s modern world of rapidly developing technology, ethics, and growing organisations in any business there is need for specialist advice on personnel matters, whether it is internal or external. This is because the practise of personnel management needs to be consistent, impartial, proficient and on course with organisational goals, as there are constant developments in this field that require expertise in the area of personnel management. The need for this specialist has several contributing factors including the need to comply with changing regulation and legislation, for example the personnel specialist may be used to recruit staff to avoid sex or racial discrimination. Constant changes within the labour market have also meant that policies need to be designed by someone with current knowledge on the matter. Moreover, trade unions, industrial tribunals, and the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) have a continuous role in employee relations; therefore having some one who is familiar with the legislation amongst other things that is used would be very useful. However, since there the existing role of the personnel manager is so diverse there are different models derived by different theorists. A popular model is that suggested by Tyson and Fell (1986). The three roles that they suggest are: * The clerk of works model – all authority for actions is with line managers. Personnel policies are formed after the actions that created the need. Policies are not integral and are short term and ad hoc. Personnel activities are routine and involve day-to-day administration. * The contracts manager model – Policies are established, often implicit, with heavy industrial relations emphasis. The personnel department will use fairly sophisticated systems especially with regard to employee relations. The personnel manager is likely to be a professional or experienced in industrial relations. They should take on the role of policing the implementation of policies, but does not create them. * The architect model – Explicit corporate personnel policies exist as part of the corporate strategy. HR planning and development are important concepts. The head of the function is likely to be on the Board of Directors, and is therefore seen as a professional, making an important contribution to the business. Policies are often formed to assist in the personnel function to make sure that people are treated equally, and that laws and regulations are met. These can include equal opportunities, disciplinary policies, and safety policies. The policies are based upon legislation put in place by the Government and the EU in certain areas like safety. The values and philosophies of the business about how the employees should be treated and what kind of behaviour will enable them to work most effectively on the organisation’s behalf. The needs and wants of employees, and the organisations need to attract and retain the kind of employees it wants by its reputation of practice as an employer. The Shift in Approach Which Has Led to the Term HRM 4. Throughout history the social change has been reflected in personnel management, and which also changes in conjunction with the social needs. This is shown by the implementation of legislation and rules, to stop discrimination and aid safety measures, as the social climate becomes more morally aware of the workforce. In the late nineteenth century it would not have been unheard of for people to die at work, even into the twentieth century there were still accident that occur to labourers working in primary industries, but this became more shocking, as with the development of technology it was publicised by the media and made safer by improvements, as a company realised that its image was very important. A political and economic change is also evident through out history, for example in the 1970’s when the government would no longer interfere with some matters between employer and employee relations, this is because it was realised that full employment was not as important as controlling inflation and other economic factors. Also HRM has become common through out the business world and is thoroughly integrated into the organisational structure of a business. This is because it has been found that companies use this approach in different strengths to achieve a competitive edge over their rivals. Today companies like Marks & Spencer, McDonalds, and even public sector businesses like British Gas are using various strengths of HRM. Recommendations 5. To draw conclusion, it is my recommendation that Phoenix Tannoy Ltd. consider establishing a HR department as it is shown in history that the use of HRM does give a competitive edge over rivals, by motivating employees. The reality is that by moving to a HR department Phoenix Tannoy will motivate its workforce by implementing policies and procedures that benefit all the staff. Motivated staff are then more committed to the organisation, and motivated into doing the best they can to help the business achieve its goals. Moreover, a HR department would remove the depersonalised face of the personnel department and make the company less bureaucratic.

Education Of The Ignorant Essays - Cry, The Beloved Country, Jarvis

Education Of The Ignorant Essays - Cry, The Beloved Country, Jarvis Education Of The Ignorant CRY THE BELOVED COUNTRY, BY ALAN PATON, IS A BOOK WHICH TELLS THE STORY OF HOW JAMES JARVIS, A WEALTHY ESTATE OWNER WHO, BECAUSE OF HIS OWN BUSY LIFE, HAD TO LEARN OF THE SOCIAL DEGRADATION IN SOUTH AFRICA THROUGH THE DEATH OF HIS ONLY SON. IF ARTHUR JARVIS HAD NEVER BEEN KILLED, JAMES JARVIS WOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN EDUCATED BY HIS SONS WRITINGS, AND STEPHEN KUMALO. WHEN WE FIRST MEET JAMES JARVIS, HE KNOWS LITTLE OF HIS SONS LIFE. HE DOESN'T KNOW HIS SON WAS ON A KIND OF A MISSION(P. 140), AND THIS IS WHY WHEN HARRISON SAYS,...WE'RE SCARED STIFF AT THE MOMENT IN JOHANNESBURG.( P. 140) JAMES IS SORT OF SURPRISED AND SAYS,OF CRIME?( P. 140). TALKING TO HARRISON TAUGHT STEPHEN ABOUT THE CRIME IN THE CITY, AND THE NEXT MORNING HE LEARNS ABOUT HIS SON. ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS THAT JAMES LEARNS OF HIS SON, AND HIS VIEWS, HE LEARNS IN ARTHURS' ROOM. IN READING HIS WRITINGS, JAMES FINDS THAT ARTHUR WOULD HAVE RISKED ANYTHING TO HELP OTHER PEOPLE, AND ENDED UP DOING JUST THAT. JAMES FINDS THAT HIS SON WAS WELL RESEARCHED ON THE PROBLEMS OF THEIR SOCIETY, AND WAS INTERESTED IN HELPING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA. FROM THE PICTURES OF JESUS AND LINCOLN ON HIS WALL, JAMES DISCOVERED THE ADMIRATION ARTHUR HAD FOR THESE TWO MEN. THESE WERE MEN OF ACTION, WHO SHOWED LOVE FOR THEIR FRIENDS, AND AT THE SAME TIME, THEIR ENEMIES. THESE TWO MEN SUFFERED AND DIED FOR THEIR BELIEFS, AS DID ARTHUR IN A WAY, THIS IS SHOWING ARTHURS' FATHER WHAT A GREAT MAN HIS SON WAS BY COMPARISON, AND SIMILARITY TO OTHERS. THIS REVELATION SHOWS ARTHURS CONCERN FOR HUMANITY. AFTER THE DISCOVERY OF HIS SONS VIEWS THROUGH ALL OF HIS WRITINGS, JAMES BEGINS TO REALIZE THE PROBLEM, AND STARTS TO THINK OF THE PROBLEMS OF OTHERS BEFORE HIS OWN. IN THIS ASPECT, JAMES BEGINS TO REMIND THE READER OF OSCAR SHINDLER. THIS IS SO BECAUSE SHINDLER WAS ONE WHO AT ONE TIME HATED JEWS, BUT AS HE BEGAN TO UNDERSTAND THEM, HE THUOGHT OF THEIR TROUBLES AND HOW HIS WEALTH COULD SAVE THEM. MUCH LIKE SHINDLER, JARVIS HELPS THE MINORITY. FOLLOWING HIS SONS DEATH AND THE ACQUAINTANCE OF STEPHEN, JAMES DONATES 1000 POUNDS TO THE AFRICAN BOYS CLUB. JARVIS IS NOT JUST GIVING GIFTS IN MEMORY OF HIS SON, OR JUST TO GIVE, BUT GIVING THOSE WHO NEED HELP WAYS TO HELP THEMSELVES. WHEN JAMES GAVE THE MONEY TO THE CLUB, HE DIDN'T JUST DECIDE TO GIVE IT TO THEM, BUT KNEW THAT IF HE GAVE IT, THE CLUB WOULD USE IT TO IMPROVE THE COUNTRYS' CONDITION. IN ALL OF HIS DONATIONS, JAMES USES THIS SUBTLE METHOD TO EMANCIPATE THE BLACKS. A WAY TO HELP HIS SON TAUGHT HIM. USING HIS SONS VIEWS AGAIN, JAMES DECIDES TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT KUMALOS' VILLAGE, WHICH IS FALLING APART. THIS TASK IS A FAIRLY LARGE ONE , AND JAMES DOES THIS IN STEPS. HE FIRST PROVIDES MILK FOR THE VILLAGE KIDS, WHO ONLY HAVE WARM WATER TO DRINK, AND THEN HE BUILDS A CHURCH. THE REASON HE DECIDES TO BUILD A CHURCH IS THAT WHEN HE IS IN NDOTSHENI IT BEGINS TO RAIN, AND HE AND STEPHEN TAKE SHELTER IN THE CHURCH, WHICH LEAKS AND IS IN NEED OF REPAIR. THE RAIN IN NDOTSHENI IS A BIT OF FORESHADOWING OF HOPE FOR THE VILLAGE, AND MAYBE OF WHAT IS TO COME. THROUGH JAMES' EDUCATION, WE LEARN THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN MR. JARVIS AND KUMALO. WHEN WE FIRST MEET JARVIS, THE SETTING IS MUCH THE SAME AS WHEN WE MET STEPHEN. THEY BOTH LIVE IN THE FARMING AREAS OF SOUTH AFRICA, AND THEY SHARE THE LOVE FOR THE LAND, AND WHAT IS IN THEIR LIVES. THEY EACH ARE MARRIED WITH ONE SON WHO THEY KNOW NOTHING ABOUT, AND BOTH ARE FORCED TO COME TO TERMS WITH THE GUILT OF THE WHITES BY THE SAME OCCURANCE. AFTER THEY BOTH LOSE THEIR SONS, THEY HAVE A NEED TO UNDERSTAND THEM, ALTHOUGH ALL THAT IS LEFT ARE THE MEMORIES. THEY EACH LEARN OF THE PROBLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA THROUGH THEIR SONS, AND AFTER THE REALIZATION, THEY BOTH TRY TO DO SOMETHING TO IMPROVE THE SOCIAL, AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES WHICH PLAGUE JOHANNESBURG. CRY THE BELOVED COUNTRY I S A BOOK MEANT TO TEACH THE WAYS RACIAL VIEWS CAN AFFECT PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT WAYS. THE REPRESENTATION SHOWS HOW THESE SOUTH AFRICAN PROBLEMS EDUCATED JAMES JARVIS, AND TURNED HIM INTO A COMPASSIONATE, AND UNDERSTANDING MAN. IF ARTHUR JARVIS HAD NEVER BEEN KILLED, JAMES

The facial expression Essay Example

The facial expression Essay Example The facial expression Essay The facial expression Essay The end of Act Three possessed the same hysterical and anticlimactic qualities as the end to Act One. The pretence of Abigail and the rest of the girls was once again acted in a rather ridiculous fashion to put off the audience. Abby, you mustnt Im here, Im here Never, never. To put it rather bluntly, the girls seemed to be shaking as if they had been given an electric shock. In this scene, Danforth appeared to be the one serving the same function as Hale in the end of Act One; being the gullible one who fell for the puerile actions of the girls. (growing hysterical) Why can they only repeat you? (p93). The way that Danforth was presented in this scene highlighted his typically one dimensional character as described earlier. To the girls, this was nothing more than a playground game. On the other hand Danforth was treating it seriously. Danforth also played the gullible role of Hale in Act One when he appeared to be charmed by Abigail. While he spoke the words Abigail. I bid you now search your heart and tell me this (p87), he had gone down on one knee and was treating her as if she was a princess. This, like in Act One served the same purpose as to distancing the audience from the opinions of the characters on stage (since the audience did not feel sexually attracted to Abigail). In addition to all of this, what struck me most was the fact that the expression on Mary Warrens face was blemished with genuine fear for what was going on; the audience on the other hand were not scared in the slightest. Hence this once again underlined the difference in opinions between the audience and the characters on stage, the audience being the ones in the knowing, thus emphasising the dramatic irony shown in Act One. The only problem however lay in the fact that Proctors outbreak of hysteria at the end of this scene was somewhat suppressed due to the state of mind the audience was in following the juvenile actions of the girls. The whole disturbing sense of I say god is dead (p96) was dissipated. Even though this scene did not do justice to my favourite character John Proctor in Arthur Millers actual text, overall I believe it still benefited him. The dramatic irony was a way of highlighting his choric role. Since the actions of the other characters on stage were ridiculed to such an extent and the audience was driven against them, the crowd has been driven to share the same opinions as he did, for he too was one who saw through all the mass hysteria and deception. Theyre pretending Mr Danforth Lies, lies (P92) Another aspect of the book that I believe this production highlighted brilliantly was the tragic effect that Arthur Miller intended to create. Every tragedy is the story of how the birds come home to roost. You do something, and then you try to undo it and it wont undo; it keeps pursuing you until it catches up with you. In other words, his intention was to create a sense of loss, an inescapable fall from a great height. I believe that Proctors catch-22 situation was highlighted very vividly. The scene with Elizabeth on page 109 made it very obvious to the idea that Proctor was going to lose whatever he chose to do. There was not any intimacy in the play up to this point and there was none at this point either. Both had stood in the corner of the stage and the body language of the two made it very obvious that they were distant. It made the audience feel very sympathetic towards what was happening to Proctor. He was not only in a no win situation, there was little support or advice from his loved ones. John, it come to naught that I should forgive you, if youll not forgive yourself. It is not my soul John, it is yours. (p109) The ripping of his own confession on page 115 was done in a very emotional fashion and it made the crowd feel traumatized by Proctors actions. After he ripped the piece of paper, his eyes had somewhat widened and he shot a very blank and psychotic stare at Danforth, it appeared almost as if he had been driven to insanity by the conspiracy against him. I can. And theres your first marvel, that I can. (p115) The facial expression that he asserted was as if he was saying You can take my life but youll never take my pride. His bloodied face was an emblem of all the pain he had already been through while fighting this huge battle against the corrupt court. As he lifted and kissed Elizabeth with great passion, it made the audience feel at a huge climax, because it was actually the first time the two had been intimately and physically together. But for me, Proctors triumph seemed somewhat short lived and in vain. He had saved his pride Because it is my name!; he had made a sacrifice for others I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang!; he had done the honourable thing I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor and his relationship with Elizabeth was healed. Yet still, Proctor was going to die and since the audience had formed such a favourable and positive opinion of him, we didnt want him to die. I think the point when he caught Rebecca as she was about to fall was done very effectively and it underlined Proctors good character and integrity. The final emphasis of the tragic effect was subtly expressed in Elizabeths final quote. He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him. Since this quote was so understated and underplayed as Elizabeth had been throughout the play, it killed the whole idea of triumph in what Proctor had done. As the play was about to end and Proctor was about to die, I didnt feel any positive or satisfying vibe. Instead I felt emotionally overcome with a tragic sensation that left me speechless and perhaps even upset by the death of the righteous man in the play. The only person who seemed to possess the iconoclastic figure and moral authority of the town was dead, the choric role was gone Overall, I think this an excellent production of Arthur Millers The Crucible. It effectively portrayed most of the characters as Arthur Miller had described them in the original book, and the message Arthur Miller had intended to send was ingeniously conveyed. Even though the play was only a mere two and a half hours, I was highly impressed with the amount of detail that was illustrated from the book. In particular, some of the key lines from various characters which had a significant effect on me were vividly presented by the excellent actors and actresses. The setting was very vivid, the costumes were simple yet highly creative, the characters in general were presented very uniquely and the didactic message Arthur Miller wished to depict was carried out clearly. Despite the fact that some areas of the play were underplayed as mentioned earlier, they were compensated by highlighting the significance of other areas. This is an excellent reproduction and unique interpretation of Arthur Millers original work and I absolutely loved it.

Early childhood education and communication Essay

Early childhood education and communication - Essay Example Communication starts at the time of birth and it ends only at the time of death. In education, teacher student communication is extremely important especially in early childhood education. A teacher with who has immense knowledge and academic credentials may not succeed in his profession if he has poor communication skills. Whatever the knowledge a teacher possesses, should be transferred to the students for the effective learning of students and communication is the only channel which is helping the teachers in doing so. â€Å"Learning is a process of information transfer and reception†(Information and communication Technologies in teacher education, 2002, p.18). Early childhood (from 0 to 5 years) is a period in which rapid child development happens. People often say that whatever the practices or knowledge learned during this period will remain in the minds of the child till the end of his life. Children during their early childhood spend majority of their time in schools. Since most of the current parents are working professionals, current children are getting less knowledge from their parents and school is the place from where they expect new information and knowledge. In short, elementary school teachers have huge responsibilities in shaping the future generation in the right direction. I do believe that elementary school teachers should have good communication skills in order to transfer their knowledge to the children. Importance of communication in teaching elementary school children Elementary school education requires the combined effort of teachers, parents and the caregivers. Children during their early childhood may not know the importance of education and teachers have the responsibility of informing the parents about the progress of the children in the classroom. â€Å"One way a preschool educator can communicate with parents is through a classroom newsletter. While a weekly newsletter is ideal, a biweekly or monthly newsletter is more realistic and easier for to accomplish† (Stewart, 2008) Newsletters can be used effectively by the preschool teachers to communicate properly with the parents of the children. These newsletters should contain enough information about the progress of the child in the classroom. Moreover it should contain details of home works children needs to be done with the help of their parents. The involvement of parents in the study of their children is the most i mportant thins thing in preschool education and for that purpose preschool teachers should communicate properly with the parents. Such preschool teacher parent communication will make the parents aware of the importance of works done in the classroom. Apart from new letters, periodical parent-teacher conferences are necessary to assess the progress of the children. In this conference, the teacher should provide the in depth details about the progress of the children to the parents. Newsletters cannot reflect the exact details about the progress of the children whereas face to face meetings between the teacher and the parents are necessary for the comprehensive discussion about the progress of the children. Teachers with poor communication skills may not arrange such conferences frequently and parents may not get enough information about their child’s progress. On the other hand, teachers with good communication skills will always arrange bimonthly or quarterly parent-teacher conferences to discuss the progress of the children. A parent teacher conference is a great way for parents and early childhood educators to get together to discuss the child in depth. One can listen to the parents as they voice their concerns about certain areas of their child’

Implement concepts from Piagets theory of cognitive development when Essay

Implement concepts from Piagets theory of cognitive development when teaching second or third graders the skill of regrouping when solving subtraction problems - Essay Example For example, if the task at hand is to teach the children to subtract eight from 21, the instructor should group ten of the blocks together, perhaps in a tower formation, and then grouping the additional 11 blocks together in a group that is laying flat on the desk or working surface. At this stage, if the child fully understands how to count far beyond ten, they will recognize and be able to express that the tower consists of ten different blocks. The instructor would then praise this accomplishment to reinforce motivation and cooperation and then ask the child to express the amount of blocks laying on the surface. They should correctly identify that there are eleven blocks by counting them out loud one by one. At this point, the instructor reinforces that the task is to subtract eight of these blocks from the different formations and then regroup the blocks into a different series. The instructor might remove only two blocks from the tower and then six more from those on the table to provide example. The child will recognize that the tower now contains only eight blocks and should be able to regroup the surface blocks to account for the additional six blocks needed to complete the equation of 21 – 8 = 13. When the child is given free rein to perform another subtraction task through regrouping, they should accurately recognize, as part of mastery of pre-operational and concrete operational understanding, how to regroup the different blocks to achieve a positive math outcome. The teacher, for students in this phase, will not be dealing with egocentric behaviors marked by those found in children who are in the pre-operational stage and should expect full cooperation to the regrouping tasks. By allowing the children to choose their own ordered sets of blocks, based on the specific math task, they will begin to develop the ability to perform these calculations in their