How to Challenge Discrimination in a Way That Encourages Change free essay sample

Sometimes there are children who will tease others for being different. They may be too young to understand how much of an impact their words or actions will make on another, but no child says or does anything considered mean without knowing that it will cause a negative reaction from another who wears glasses or is fatter, taller or smaller than them. It isnt just teasing, it needs addressing, it needs changing. It is not just â€Å"merely teasing† and immediate intervention is necessary. The child must be made to be aware that their words and actions are unkind and unfair. When disciplining the child it might be a good idea to make it personal and say, â€Å"how would you feel if child X called you that? What do you think you might be feeling right now? † This causes the child to pause and think about the consequences of their words and actions. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Challenge Discrimination in a Way That Encourages Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If necessary, correct the child. If a child refers to an Indian child for example, as a â€Å"Paki† because it is seen as an acceptable word in their household, you could say â€Å"actually, child X is an Indian, and please do not use the word â€Å"Paki† it is not a nice word to use, do you understand? † When challenging an adult who has discriminated against another group of society requires a slightly different approach. Time and place is paramount. It is unlikely to be appropriate to speak in front of children, however if the comment was made in front of children then you need to act quickly and show to be firm but polite and calm with regards to the adults intolerance and that their behaviour or comments were offensive. As with children, you could correct the adult and give them the right information as so they do not cause offence in the future with such comments. Should a person be directly affected by the offensive words and/or actions then you should offer them support and inform them of how you intend to do something about it as so it should not ever happen again.

Governance of Spatial Diversification of Port - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Governance of Spatial Diversification of Port. Answer: Introduction: On September, 2017 there was a massive earthquake which struck in Mexico. The earthquake was very powerful and it killed many people and even destructed and collapsed the building. The epicenter which was measured was 7.1 magnitudes. Wednesday, the earthquake took place. The devastating earthquake killed many in Mexico City in 2017. The tectonic plates which was along the North American continent. Mexico is the Worlds most seismically active region, which have several tectonic plates along with the coast of Mexico. The activities along the coast of the Caribbean plates also generate seismic events. The city of Mexico is made up of soft soil and clay which increases the destruction the earthquake causes. This will increase the shockwave amplitude and cause violent shaking. Deeper and denser soil layers increase amplified shockwaves, more will be the destruction. The earth quake which struck the region killed almost many people (Witze,2017). The earthquake on 19th September killed almost 10000 people and devastated the whole land. Every year the national earthquake, drill is conducted by the Government through the public loudspeakers in the Mexico City. Thus this is one of the devastating earthquakes in the City of Mexico. The earth quake reported that there was strong shaking for about one minute and the alarm and the cell phone alerted before the earthquake started (Wade, 2017). Briefly evaluate the management of the event and its significance in human, social, political and economic terms Significance on Human Aspect There was many debris and collapses in the city of Mexico. During this event of disaster there were many rescuers such as the soldiers, the college students and the rescuers who were working to help to rescue the people who were trapped in this disaster. There were huge piles of rubble and many other buildings which were also destroyed. There was much debris which was spread throughout. There was damage of the church killing almost fifteen people. The rescuers continued to help the people who were trapped in the earthquake. The crews heard that the victims were calling out for help. About 32 building collapsed and 52 people were rescued alive, most of the people feared that they will be trapped inside the debris (Blaikie et al., 2014). Mexico is a very congested city, it is busy throughout but after such disaster the city was shattered, there were thousands of people who screamed across the roads. They were running away from the building so as to save them (Gulati, 2017). The public transport was temporarily shut down. There was power cut almost throughout the day. The earthquake having epicenter was located in 12kms from the Mexico City. The earthquake was strong. There was huge damage to the human, social and economic and political environment of the Country. Around forty four building collapsed in the city of Mexico, it trapped many people under the dust which caused economic and social loss and damage to the environment. In that particular day, the stock price in the Mexico Stock Exchange also declined (Lomnitz, 2017). The environmental aspects impact the disaster which demonstrates between social economic and environment aspect of sustainability. The management shall devise a plan which will help in preventing the disaster. It is a fundamental effort in reducing the vulnerability so as to systematically tackle the complex interaction between economic, environmental and social factors after the earthquake (Rodrguez-Pascua et al., 2017).Earthquake is not under the human control to measure its effect and to eliminate the natural disaster occurring from it. It is important to identifying the environmental aspects and the impacts that it is fundamental in the managing risks, and this should be the first step in a risk management (He Heki, 2017). Significance to Political Aspect The chaos which is created by the earthquakes and the natural disaster created criticism for those government performances that had to response in case of such a disaster in the Country. Response from the National emergency center for natural calamity came too late. A professor of the business school in the Adolfo Ibez University said that The way the crisis was managed was worse than what we should have anticipated. Even though no country is prepared to deal with the earthquake which was as high as eight in magnitude, one of the mistakes done by the Chile is that they were not prepared for such an enormous destruction that that an earthquake can bring and destroy the land (Prasad, 2017). The Government were not able to take proper steps therefore the structural damages of the Country was not extensive as the damage in Hait. There is no system for prevention against earthquakes or tsunamis. Role of OCHA in emergency United Nations operations following the earthquakein Mexico The State of Mexico was struck by the major earthquake were struck in September, in which many of the people were killed and some were injured and many buildings were destroyed, leaving almost a million people without immediate shelter. There were national response from several levels of the Government, the private sector and the civil society and people were overwhelmed by the circumstances (Toft Reynolds, 2016).The response was largely dominated by bilateral actions and by the actions of non-governmental organizations and the Red Cross Movement. In case of natural disaster, the United Nations played a very major role in this emergency situation. The team had a motivated and qualified team members but the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination system was not able to be particularly effective, even in the limited context of the United Nations response. During the subsequent phase, the team was small to provide fully effective coordination or assessment services. Where the UNDAC team did appear to have added some value to the emergency response effort was in strengthening the coordination capacity of the Indian authorities. The United Nations will not, in most cases, be the major player in natural disaster response. It does, however, have the legitimacy and the worldwide network needed to play a limited but effective role (Jennings, 2016). Identify the key issues of strategic significance to the country Australia In order to improve the condition of the natural disaster, the Government of Australia had decided that they will release the World Bank publication report so as to improve the assessment of the disaster and to strengthen the economy. As a policy advisor appointed by the Government in order to brief the events of earthquake that took place in Mexico, it is important to build the strategies so that they are able to protect the citizen of the country from suffering from natural calamity. It is important to form strategies, so that the risk is safeguarded and the citizens are protected from the impacts of the natural calamity. There has been no economy that has not suffered the affects of natural calamity such as earth quake or tsunamis. Mexico, is a country has five tectonic plates and therefore more prone to earthquakes in a year. The Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean are more prone to the risk of hurricane (Wilmsmeier Monios, 2016). The natural disaster causes huge loss and damages and they affect the economy in a very significant way and thereby causing death and losses and thus the cost of recovery is very huge. These situations forced the government to take effort for reconstruction and so as to expand the Countrys infrastructure. Most of the countries have their disaster and risk surveillance team so that the Government can initiate a natural disaster relief fund from which the Government is able to help the people during natural calamity. Mexico has a fantastic database which is very impressive and it helps the Government for visualizing the risks potent in the Country and therefore offers financial help to the people of the Country. The database of the country maintains the data and the values so as to keep the track and the infrastructure helps the Government during the times of natural disaster (Imperiale Vanclay, 2016). The database is unique among all the Countries and the World Bank says that they have the capacity to quantify the exposures at a fiscal level so as to improve in the matters of public infrastructure. Strategies on improvement The country of Mexico is very susceptible to earthquake since it has a dried-up ancient lakebed and soft clay deposits which amplifies the creation of earthquake. They saw that the aftershock damage of the risk of earthquake is lower. This might act as a safeguard but it wound not help the people who are staying along the Ring of Fire. This is a region where the tectonic plates make the volcano and the earthquakes very prevalent (Whittaker, McLennan Handmer, 2015). In 2006, Mexico became the first sovereign country to issue a catastrophe bond for earthquake risks, which is a risk transfer instrument that shares the financial risk of a major earthquake with international markets (Kraemer et al., 2016). This is an initiative and strategic step to build a sage and risk free environment for the people of the country. The policy advisor is appointed by Government in Australia and they are to provide assistance and safeguard the life of the people of Mexico themselves during the times of crisis. Thus there are five ways to help the people of Mexico. The five different alternatives and recommendation which could be offered to the people of Mexico thereby offering assistance during the crisis in Mexico: This is a worldwide organization which helps in the donations to the people during the period of disaster. This is a organization which is formed to protect the human life during the natural calamity or during a period of natural crisis in the country. This is non Government organization which offers assistance during the time of natural crisis prevailing in the Country. Thus the Australian Government contributed fund to the society so that they are able to help the people in the time of disaster and crisis. The Australian Red cross unit maintained stocks of the critical disaster response equipment which included water filtration, shelter, hygiene and cooking kits for use during the time emergencies in case of natural calamity. This is another professional organization which is formed in Australia. It is a nonprofit organization which helps in the rescue of the people when there is natural calamity and disaster thus the people are able to take help and get the support. The donations is given to such people so that they can survive from the disaster which is caused in the Country (Ismail-Zadeh et al.,2014). This organization gave protection and assistance to various International disaster and they donate to the people and are appreciated for such a cause. The Amazon is also serving as an organization to help the people during disaster (Zafarani Liu, 2015). In the time of disaster, Amazon has created its own homepage placement and donated some fund to some of the corporation such as mercy Corps. The customers at Amazon have also contributed more than $30 lakhs for relief. Face book , Google and crowd funding The group is created by the face book. This is a fundraiser group or an online site and this supplies donation to those people who are affected in the natural calamity such as the earthquake, tsunamis, and the hurricanes or other natural disaster. Social media is also helping the people so that they can located and reconnect families. Google has also activated their people finderplatform where the people can share information so that they are able to locate their family member.(Glasscoe et al., 2015). The Government of Australia has appointed team of rescuers to help the city of Mexico during crisis. Thus those people are spreading the information so as to help the victims and locate free hospital and find apartments so that they can stay there during the period. All the rescuers are spreading public safety messages so as to remind the people of Mexico to keep the streets as car-free as possible for rescue vehicles to pass so as to help the victim. Many nonprofit organizations are formed to help in the monetary donation during relief from natural disaster. Organization such as Habitat for Humanity Australia and Save the Children Australia serve the people with clothes and the basic need such as food and water to help people survive. The big entrepreneurs from the country of Australia also fund the people so that the people are saved during the period of crisis. With the invention of internet all the people have donated in the sites of the NGO which are opened for the purposes of donation to those people. (Wilhite, Sivakumar Pulwarty,2014).. References Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., Wisner, B. (2014).At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Glasscoe, M. T., Wang, J., Pierce, M. E., Yoder, M. R., Parker, J. W., Burl, M. C., ... Ma, Y. (2015). E-decider: Using earth science data and modeling tools to develop decision support for earthquake disaster response.Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(8), 2305-2324. Gulati, A. G. (2017). Mexico Earthquake-Lessons for Indian Authorities and Telecoms. He, L., Heki, K. (2017). Ionospheric anomalies immediately before Mw 7.0?8.0 earthquakes.Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. Imperiale, A. J., Vanclay, F. (2016). Experiencing local community resilience in action: Learning from post-disaster communities.Journal of Rural Studies,47, 204-219. Ismail-Zadeh, A., Fucugauchi, J. U., Kijko, A., Takeuchi, K., Zaliapin, I. (Eds.). (2014).Extreme natural hazards, disaster risks and societal implications(Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press. Jennings, M. (2016). How did cross-cultural dynamics impact decision-making during the revision, endorsement, and implementation of the United Nations International Search and Rescue Guidelines? And how was cross-cultural bias overcome?. Kraemer, M. U., Hay, S. I., Pigott, D. M., Smith, D. L., Wint, G. W., Golding, N. (2016). Progress and challenges in infectious disease cartography.Trends in parasitology,32(1), 19-29. Lomnitz, C. (2017). In Conversation with Marit Melhuus and Benedicte Bull About Life and Death in Mexico. House of Literature, September 26, 2013. InAnthropology of Our Times(pp. 73-92). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Prasad, S. K. (2017). Earthquake Disaster Management in Different Countries-Influence of Culture of Region.DHARANA-Bhavan's International Journal of Business,9(1), 29-36. Rodrguez-Pascua, M. A., Prez-Lpez, R., Garduo-Monroy, V. H., Perucha, M. A., Israde-Alcntara, I. (2017). Estimation of the epicentral area of the 1912 Acambay earthquake (M 6.9, Mexico) determined from the earthquake archaeological effects (EAE) and the ESI07 macroseismic scale.Quaternary International,451, 74-86. Toft, B., Reynolds, S. (2016).Learning from disasters. Springer. Wade, L. (2017). Unusual quake rattles Mexico. Whittaker, J., McLennan, B., Handmer, J. (2015). A review of informal volunteerism in emergencies and disasters: Definition, opportunities and challenges.International journal of disaster risk reduction,13, 358-368. Wilhite, D. A., Sivakumar, M. V., Pulwarty, R. (2014). Managing drought risk in a changing climate: The role of national drought policy.Weather and Climate Extremes,3, 4-13. Wilmsmeier, G., Monios, J. (2016). Institutional structure and agency in the governance of spatial diversification of port system evolution in Latin America.Journal of Transport Geography,51, 294-307. Witze, A. (2017). Deadly Mexico quakes not linked.Nature,549(7673), 442. Zafarani, R., Liu, H. (2015). Evaluation without ground truth in social media research.Communications of the ACM,58(6), 54-60.

What Is The USF Writing Essay Sample?

What Is The USF Writing Essay Sample?USF Writing Essay Sample is a collection of student-tested essay samples used by students of literature, composition, and composition. The Writing Essay Sample has been used to help aspiring writers learn about good writing skills and persuasive writing. There are many writing samples in this book; a student can choose the best one for his or her needs.The main contents of the Writing Essay Sample are clearly stated in the Introduction. These contents are: What is a short story, An essay that has a clear, concise introduction, An essay that has a good conclusion, An essay that presents an argument, An essay that emphasizes the power of language, An essay that presents an essay. One of the first things you'll notice when reading this book is the author's determination to present a good-quality writing sample.It seems that every topic related to writing essays has its own USF Writing Essay Sample. This is because the author believes in providing goo d material for aspiring writers. Some topics include how to use and manipulate words to influence the reader's thoughts, how to express your own opinion without insulting or belittling others, how to write compelling sentences that are enjoyable to read, how to construct a thesis statement and an argument, how to write a story outline, how to utilize literary devices, how to present yourself as an individual and also how to differentiate yourself from other students. There are some more topics as well, but I'll go over them below.What is a short story? It is basically a short piece of writing. It is usually longer than three hundred words. This is because writers, when doing research for their stories, usually find out that short pieces are easier to grasp. And also, if you have the luxury of time, you can usually make an essay that is short and simple.An essay that has a clear, concise introduction? This means that the essay should be short and concise, even without using jargon or the common conventions in writing. In short, the introduction should be able to communicate one important point. But, it must also be interesting, so that the reader will want to read on and understand what the writer is trying to get across.An essay that has a good conclusion? Yes, this is often the case with the essay. As mentioned above, a good conclusion can help to sell the idea or information that was presented within the essay. If the conclusion does not add to the overall quality of the essay, then the author may consider it as a failure. In order to avoid these types of situations, it is important that the essay that you want to submit must contain a strong conclusion.An essay that presents an argument? Just like an essay that states a thesis statement, an argument must do two things: it must be able to make the reader want to read on and it must also be impressive. Although you will not know for sure that you've made a successful argument until you've read and understood the essay fully, the author still wants to try to give you some indication of your success.An essay that presents an essay? This is actually quite a nice concept and should be made easier. Since the purpose of writing essays is to present ideas or research papers, such as research papers, you will definitely need to present a good writing style.

Justice and Mercy in the Merchant of Venice Essay Sample free essay sample

In the tribunal room scene of The Merchant of Venice. justness is handed back and Forth between the Christians and Shylock. unlike clemency. Shylock is unable to experience any compunction for Antonio and the Christians because of the hatred he has for them. Stubbornness and hatred can do bad luck ; the morally superior have a right to justness. As the test scene begins. the Duke speaks approximately Shylock as an cold wretch. incapable of clemency ( 4. 1 3-6 ) . The Christians think of Shylock as obstinate and cruel and will merely mention to him as â€Å"the Jew† . Shylock does non have regard and has neer received regard from the Christians. so hence. Shylock is non merciful toward the Christians. Despite what the Duke had merely said about Shylock. when Shylock enters the tribunal the Duke tells him that everyone expects Shylock to demo clemency and non take Antonio’s flesh ( 15-34 ) . But. Shylock went to tribunal ready to take Antonio’s flesh that he is entitled to harmonizing to the contract. We will write a custom essay sample on Justice and Mercy in the Merchant of Venice Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Usurer does non desire to be paid with ducats. non even three times every bit much as what he lent to Antonio. Shylock merely wants from the Christians what was promised to him by jurisprudence. Bassanio offers Shylock six thousand ducats on top of the three 1000 ducats. so that Shylock does non travel through with taking a lb of Antonio’s flesh. Bassanio is seeking to protect Antonio and convey him to justness because Antonio had no control over the crashing of his ships. Bassanio said that he is willing to pay ten times what he already offered and put his manus. caput and bosom on the line as collateral ( 204-07 ) . Although the Christians do non talk respectfully to Shylock. they are vulnerable and wholly at his clemency. But Shylock does non experience any ground to demo clemency. In response to Shylock’s refusal of Bassanio’s offer. The Duke asks Shylock â€Å"How shalt 1000s hope for clemency. rendering none† ( 87 ) ? Shylock does non believe he is making anything incorrect. He is merely taking what is truly his. what is legal. Shylock compares supporting his contract with the Christians supporting their right to handle slaves nevertheless manner they feel. Shylock said: what if he were to state the Christians non to work their slaves so hard and allow them get married their girls and allow them eat the same nutrient. what would the Christians say? Shylock said that they would state â€Å"the slaves are ours† . significance that the Christians believe that they are free to handle the slaves nevertheless manner they feel because they own them. Shylock feels as though he has the same right to hold his contract with Antonio and said that if he is refused his right so the Torahs of Venice have no authorization ( 88-102 ) . The Duke sends for a justice from Padua for farther penetration on the instance of this contract. Steping in for that justice is a recent visitant of his. Balthazar. who is really Portia disguised as a adult male to seek to assist Antonio. However. even though she is on Antonio’s side. it appears as though she is being just to Shylock. When Bassanio asks the Duke to flex the jurisprudence so that Shylock does non acquire his manner. Portia interjects. stating that that is non possible because a edict can non be changed because that would take to many bad legal determinations. To this Shylock responds â€Å"A Daniel semen to opinion. yea. a Daniel! O wise immature justice. how I do honor thee† ( 218-19 ) ! Shylock is mentioning to a wise justice named Daniel from the Bible and he means that the justice comes with justness. Portia besides entitles Shylock to the lb of Antonio’s flesh because the money was non payed back in clip but she insists that Shylock show clemency and to take the money alternatively.Shylock will non demo clemency. he merely wants his contract to be fulfilled. â€Å"By my psyche I swear there is no power in the lingua of adult male to change me. I stay here on my bond† ( 235-37 ) . In response to Shylock’s obstinacy. Portia warrants him to take a lb of flesh from Antonio’s bosom. and Shylock’s reactions to her finding of facts are infantile because he gloats as if the justice is on his side stating such things as: â€Å" So says the bond. doth it non. baronial justice? ‘Nearest his heart’—those are the really words† ( 248-49 ) . He clearly expresses his hatred for Antonio. Shylock even inquiries Portia’s order to hold a sawbones return attention of Antonio’s lesion so that he does non shed blood to decease request does the contract call for a sawbones? Portia merely believes it to be human decency. so that Antonio does non decease but Shylock merely responds with. he can’t happen it in the bond ( 252-257 ) . Shylock is really pleased with how the instance is traveling in his favor and although on the other side of the knife. Antonio is managing the finding of fact laudably. Antonio does non kick or talk with hatred to Shylock. He even thinks of his decease as fortunate because he does non hold to populate the remainder of his yearss in poorness like most luckless work forces do after losing their wealth ( 261-67 ) . Antonio even tries to soothe Bassanio so that he does non experience guilty for Antonio deceasing for being unable to pay back a debt on Bassanio’s behalf. Antonio said that he does non repent paying for Bassanio’s debt. he said. â€Å"For if the Jew do cut but deep plenty. I’ll wage it immediately. with all my heart† ( 275-76 ) . Fortunately for Antonio. his humbleness will honor him. Portia tells Shylock that he will acquire more justness than what he hoped for. â€Å"Thyself shalt see the act ; for as 1000 urgest justness. be assured thou shalt have justness more than 1000 desir’st† ( 310-12 ) . Portia said this to Shylock after stating Shylock that the contract does non allow Shylock to hold any of Antonio’s blood. So if Shylock were to cast any blood. his land would be taken from him by the province of Venice ( 305-07 ) . If this be the jurisprudence. Shylock submits to taking the money ( three times the loan ) and allowing Antonio travel. Bassanio agrees with giving the money but Portia tells Shylock that he is non entitled to the money any longer because he had already refused it publically ( 333-34 ) . Shylock is told that he must now travel through with the contract and roll up the flesh. but he can merely take one lb precisely. no less. no more. non even a fraction of an ounce or Shylock will be killed and his land taken ( 319-327 ) . So justness has turned in the favor of Antonio and Bassanio now. Portia besides tells Shylock that since he had purpose to kill Antonio. Antonio’s obligated to half of Shylock’s belongings. while the other half will travel to the province and Shylock’s life is in the custodies of the Duke ( 342-58 ) . The Duke. contrary to Shylock’s deficiency of clemency. forgivenesss Shylock’s life and depending on Shylock’s co-operation. he will cut down the sentence of giving the province half of Shylock’s belongings to merely a all right ( 363-67 ) . Antonio besides shows clemency. Antonio is willing non to take half of the belongings. alternatively give his half of Shylock’s belongings to Shylock’s son-in-law and girl. As portion of Antonio’s trade Shylock must go Christian and put his son-in-law in his will to possess Shylock’s belongings when Shylock dies ( 375- 85 ) . Antonio has no job demoing clemency. Beforehand. Portia even asks of Antonio if he will demo any mercy towards Shylock. The Christians do look morally superior to Shylock. but what Portia had done may non hold been honest. Portia could hold been doing up the jurisprudence about Shylock non being able to cast a bead of Antonio’s blood. How else would you take flesh without casting blood. The tribunal and Portia was traveling to let Shylock to cut Antonio before Antonio spoke bravely and Humbly ( 259-76 ) . around the clip when Portia said acquire a sawbones to do certain Antonio didn’t dice. So Portia could hold really good made casting no blood up. every bit good as the jurisprudence about giving up land because of purpose to kill. She might hold made up the jurisprudence that Shylock will decease if he takes any less or more of a lb of flesh. The jurisprudence that Shylock must follow through with the contract because he already refused the money might hold besides been made up. Anyone would hold done the same thing if they had Portia’s speedy humor but it is still non moral. She cheated Shylock’s justness for Antonio’s. Usurer ended up acquiring nil in the terminal. he was merely able to maintain his life and half of his land. so long as he got baptized a Christian and gave over his belongings to person he would non desire to give it to. He could hold gotten three times the loan in the beginning but his obstinacy and hatred kept him from giving in. Alternatively Portia disguised as a attorney fooled Shylock into acquiring nil. The Christians did demo Shylock clemency when Shylock showed none but there is non honesty in their actions. So they are non morally superior to Shylock. merely merciful. Plants Cited Greenblatt. Stephen. Cohen. Walter. Howard. Jean E. . Maus. Katharine Eisaman. The Merchantof Venice ( 4. 1 ) . 2008. The Norton Shakespeare. ( Based on the Oxford Edition ) . SecondEdition. New York A ; London: W. W Norton A ; Company. 2008. 1159-68. Print.

The Five

The Five The five-factor model employs five fundamental and important factors that are useful because organization and companies need to understand the character traits of their employees. Scholars and psychologists presume that the model elucidated by the five-factor theory represents all behavioral traits.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Five-Factor Model of Personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to McCrae (2002), the five-factor model is very useful to many companies and organizations because it clearly explains different personality traits demonstrated by employees. The traits include neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and extraversion. Neuroticism personality trait has features like sensitiveness, nervousness, ineffective management of emotions, and feelings. In other words, individuals with the trait demonstrate emotional instabilities. The conscientiousness personality tra it is associated with interactive, accountable, organized, and objective people, whereas agreeableness trait has features such as teamwork and kindness. In addition, openness personality trait shows discipline, responsibility, organization, and self-control. Extraversion is a personality trait that is associated with characters such as excitement, talkativeness, and assertiveness. In this view, the term paper focuses on openness to experience and conscientiousness, which are two personality traits as elucidated by the five-factor theory. The five personality traits of the five -factor model are very important to organizations and managers as they enable organizations and companies understand how to handle people with different personalities and temperaments. Gully, Payne, Koles, and Whiteman (2002) argue that a good understanding of personality trait also enables individuals to understand and appreciate each other. Since the five-factor model presents five major traits of personalit y, individuals and organizations can employ the theory in managing their workforce. Moreover, it also enables people create good relationships, which are fruitful and productive, and thus enhance teamwork in a number of organizations and societies (Levy, 2013). The theory is consistent and encompasses a wide range of demographics. Furthermore, the model employs five factors to explain the different personalities of different individuals. Openness to experience is a personality trait that displays features like creativity, inquisitiveness, adventure, and innovativeness. Openness to experience shows the level of creativity, individual preference, and interest of an individual.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Cattell (2007), openness is a trait that depicts preferences of an individual towards a wide range of activities, which are performed regularly. Individ uals who have the trait are innovative and creative. Moreover, openness to experience is associated with high levels of curiosity and desire to engage in new experience and ideas. Furthermore, the personality trait makes an individual more adventurous and less conservative. Cattel (2007) states that people who have the trait are more likely to demonstrate relationships that are productive and reasonable. Additionally, individuals with the trait understand their feelings and express them in an assertive manner. Hence, openness to experience is an important personality trait, which is useful in distinguishing liberal and artistic individuals. Conscientiousness is a personality trait, which has features such as organization, efficiency, and commitment. Individuals with the conscientiousness personality trait are responsible, goal oriented, disciplined, and independent. In addition, individuals with the trait have good control of their impulses and are watchful of facts. People with the conscientiousness personality trait are usually smart, orderly, and organized. Furthermore, the trait makes people to be more watchful, thoughtful, objective, and determined. McCrae notes that conscientious individuals are responsible, committed, and critical as they perform their duties perfectly. The conscientious personality trait has two major attributes, namely, industriousness and organization. Industriousness is an attribute that depicts meticulous, neatness and systematic way of performing duties, while the organization is an attribute that shows determination, responsibility, and productivity. Hence, people who have this trait are good problem solvers and conflict managers. Additionally, these individuals can interact and socialize well with other members of staff, a factor that is important in understanding and minimizing workplace conflicts. Conflict Management in the Workplace Conflicts are ideological differences between two or more parties, the differences can lead to heated debates and emotional flare-ups. In extreme scenarios, conflicts can turn into violent exchanges. Conversely, when controlled and managed effectively, conflicts produce positive results that help the company grow and attain its objectives (Rahim, 2002). Negative consequences of conflicts take place when there are no control measures to solve or manage the disagreements in their early stages. Usually, conflicts spiral out of control and even result in riots.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Five-Factor Model of Personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conflicts are common in every organization because individuals working in companies have different personalities, thinking capacities, and behaviors. Levy (2013) argues that conflicts take place when the individuals differ in terms of opinions, ideas, and points of view. In addition, conflicts take place when an individual or a party is not willing t o compromise and reason from the perspective of the other party. While working as a hotel supervisor, I witnessed a number of conflicts between the junior staff and senior staff, executive and staff, or between clients and employees. The conflicts started because of misunderstandings, poor service delivery, and failure to reach compromise on matters that relate to unfair promotions. According to Keith and Frese (2005), conflicts in the workplace are common, and thus organizations should formulate effective measures to reduce the negative effects occasioned by conflicts. The conflicts greatly affected the performance of the organization. Consumers received poor services, as many employees were in conflict with one another. In addition, the chain of communication was hierarchal and bureaucratic; hence, junior and senior staff could not present their grievances or complaints on time. Therefore, the firm could not effectively manage the difference of ideas and points of view among the m embers of staff on time. Furthermore, conflict management strategies were not efficient, as many members of staff did not get enough time to know and understand the characters of other employees in the firm as they had busy schedules. Additionally, teamwork, which is one of the important components of a successful organization, was no longer practical as many employees, management team, and the executives had frequent conflicts and disagreements. Therefore, many staff members preferred doing duties according to their own will and interests. The result was reduced productivity, poor product quality, dissatisfied clients, and frequent strikes. Poor working relationship among members of staff created a hostile environment for the employees, management team, and clients, which affected organizational performance. Keith and Frese (2005) argue that substantial conflicts transpire when group members disagree over a task or on how to perform the task. Therefore, the organization was experie ncing substantial challenges such as intra-organizational and interpersonal conflicts as the members of staff disagreed over crucial issues that are central to organizational performance.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most members of staff were not willing to compromise with their colleagues so that they would arrive at workable solutions to challenges in the workplace. The unwillingness attitude further complicated the magnitude of conflicts among employees, management team, and clients, and thus hampered organizational performance. There was a need for the firm to devise strategies that would help in the resolution of conflicts. According to Rahim (2002), â€Å"conflict management minimizes the negative outcomes of conflicts and promotes the positive outcomes of conflict with the goal of improving learning in an organization† (p. 208). Hence, the firm had to quickly employ conflict management skills and provide realistic and workable solutions to the conflicts. This would not only help the management in improving the firm’s performance, but also enhance working relationships among the members of staff. Relevance of the Five-Factor Model Theory in Conflict Management The five-facto r model theory is very instrumental in providing solutions towards conflict management, which is the existing situation in the firm. The organization can use qualities of openness to new experiences and conscientiousness personality traits from the five-factor model theory to manage and resolve existing conflicts. Furthermore, the organization can instill features such as openness and encourage their employees to be assertive so that they can express their feelings without hurting others and without fear (Cattel, 2007). This will enable the human resources of the firm to present their views and opinions assertively without hurting other members of staff. Additionally, the five-factor theory of personality will help the organization and its employees understand different behaviors of individuals and the different ways of handling each personality. Therefore, an understanding of the personality traits is paramount in an organization because it helps in shaping organizational behavior. The understanding of personality enables human resource managers to hire individuals who are suitable for a given job. Furthermore, employers can also place people in various job positions basing on their traits, and thus become relevant as they can turn ideological differences into productive conflicts. In addition, Rahim (2002) states that conscientiousness and openness will help an organization and the members of staff to control their emotions, mind about others, attain smartness, and become responsible. These factors are very vital in ensuring that an organization achieves its targets. Furthermore, the individuals will work in creative a manner by turning conflicts into avenues for organizational growth. References Cattel, H. (2007). Personality Theory and Testing. London: Sage. Gully, S. M., Payne, S. C., Koles, K., Whiteman, J. A. K. (2002).The impact of error training and individual differences on training outcomes: An attribute-treatment interaction perspective. Journal o f Applied Psychology, 87(1), 143. Keith, N., Frese, M. (2005).Self-regulation in error management training: emotion control and meta-cognition as mediators of performance effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 677-685. Levy, P. (2013). Industrial Organizational Psychology: Understanding the Workplace. New York: Worth Publishers. McCrae, R. (2002). An Introduction to Five Factor Model and its Applications. Journal of  Personality, 60(2), 175-215. Rahim, M. (2002). Towards a Theory of Managing Orgsanizational Conflict. The  International Journal of Conflict Management,44(5), 206-235. The Five Executive Summary The study of operational management has been around for decades. A general understanding of the nature of operations in management takes businesses to the next level.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Five-star Hotels’ Operational Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Any business has a number of operations divided by their functions, such as the accounting and sales divisions and in any operational unit, work processes exist to smooth operations and eliminate mistakes. All operations of a company are important. They complement and aid each other in the overall operations. This paper will analyze a historic five-star hotel’s operations. It will focus specifically in its current marketing operation. The marketing division is in focus because of the current setback the hotel is experiencing. The hotel used for this study has special features that provide information adeq uate for the study. Common operational management concepts are used to identify and evaluate the current system. Concepts from lectures and other secondary data are also used to describe, supplement, and reference previous research. Some concepts used are lean manufacturing, benchmarking and business process re-engineering. They were used to identify problems and challenges of the hotel. Potential problems and following recommendations were explored by the end of the paper. The main concern for the hotel is the decreasing number of customers because of the cheaper and quaint hotels in its vicinity. This information is the reason for selecting the operational unit focused on. Methodology The existing data available is provided. There are certain features in the information provided that will allow me to assume a number of things, such as the implications that being a historic hotel will offer.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concepts used to analyze the data from the hotel and its operations were presented in a lecture during class. They will be discussed on the historic hotel to provide useful information for the improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of the operations of the hotel. Other secondary data will also be used. The method of analysis will be as follows. First, the current situation of the hotel and the specific operational unit chosen will be described and analyzed. Then existing problems of the hotel and the operational units will be identified and analyzed. Next, the paper will provide recommendations for solutions to the current problems identified. Lastly, the paper will provide potential problems, recommendations, and opportunities that the hotel can plan ahead for. This paper will refer to concepts presented from the class lectures and will aim to improve the overall operations of the hotel by the above method. Brief Description of Special Features Special features of the hotel are as follows: the hotel is historic, it was highly profitable and popular before the past few years, it is privately owned, it is a five-star hotel, it is near hotels which appear economical and quaint, it is strategically in the center of an international city that has a high level of tourists, particularly international tourists. A â€Å"historic† hotel means that the hotel was the setting of a historical event, whether it is a cultural or political event. Thus, it would hold a certain ambience prevalent to the culture of the country in that time of history. The hotel will have retained the architectural style of the period it was built in or at least influenced by it. We can assume that the hotel was popular throughout the years because of this and as suggested by the statement of its high profitability.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Five-star Hotelsâ₠¬â„¢ Operational Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That the hotel is privately owned means it is not publicly traded in a securities exchange in the country (Privately owned n.d.). Depending on which type of economy the nation falls into, privately owned enterprises such as this hotel will have a number of implications. If it falls into a traditional economy, operations would be controlled and less dynamic than other systems. A command economy has strong government control while a free market economy has little government control. Mixed economies which combine elements of command and free market economies are the most common economies used by many countries today because of it provides an enough mix of public and private interventions on economic decisions and resource allocation and distribution. (Schmoop Editorial Team 2008). Since it was not stated in the problem what the hotel is like in its economic decisions we will assume it is under the most common economy which is a mixed economy. The historic hotel is described to be a five-star hotel. This means its standard for quality is of the highest ranking. Five-star hotels are expected to offer excellent service and the highest standards of comfort for their guests. Additional features of five-star hotels include originality in architecture and interior design, high quality construction, and special touches such as fresh flora as decoration. Space, services, and amenities are always sufficient and comfortable (Star rating system hotel requirements for four, five star etc n.d.). Analysis of Hotel There are several operational units in this hotel. These would include general management, front office, rooms division, maintenance, food and beverage, purchasing, marketing, human resources, finance, security and safety, and parking (Best practices n.d.). An overall process flow follows. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The hotel’s processes are service types. They are considered service shops, which are characterized by medium levels of volume of customers, medium or mixed levels of customer contact, medium or mixed levels of customization, and medium or mixed levels of staff discretion (Slack, Chambers Johnston 2010). These characteristics put the operations between the extremes of professional and mass services. The implications provided by the description of the hotel are that the hotel’s design is not contemporary and the accommodations are pricey. The main problem of the hotel is in marketing their products and services to tourists amidst cheaper hotels in the area. The hotel is in an area where competition is high because it is located in an international city and in a tourist spot. It is essential that a new marketing strategy is applied to save the hotel from lesser profitability in the near future and possible bankruptcy in the long-run. Although not on the same level, com petition with the cheaper hotels is challenging and needs to be addressed immediately. The hotel’s marketing division, since this is the main concern, is the focus of the paper. Analysis of Marketing Operation I chose the marketing division as the operational unit to focus on because it pertains to the mentioned problem of the hotel, which is the decrease of customers. The marketing team is responsible in providing leadership on serving guests better. They provide insight on how to serve the hotel’s customers better by developing pricing, conducting customer surveys, contributing insights on product and service development, and examining competition. The team also supports other divisions in their operations. They support the general management and the purchasing division. Marketing is responsible for advertising and promoting the establishment. Different media are used to do so. Finally, the marketing team is responsible for managing relationships, whether with suppli ers, competitors, or customers (4 core marketing strategies n.d.). Below is a process flowchart of the marketing division. The hotel is said to have lesser customers due to the existence of cheaper quaint hotels around its vicinity. It is located in the middle of an international city and is a tourist spot. Tourists choose other hotels because of the price and charm of neighboring hotels over our hotel. This is not unexpected since tourists do generally vacation on a budget. Affordability is a major factor taken into account by most tourists (Tourists seek cheaper travel options 2012). It is, however, not the only reason as we will discuss later. What the hotel needs to do is ‘think outside the box’ and innovate their services to attract tourists to stay at their hotel regardless of the price. Although the hotel can be said to offer exceptional services as evidence of its five-star status, it needs to think outside the box and market what it can offer to customers that other hotels cannot. Tourists on a budget trip do not mind cheaper hotels’ lack of quality service and the competition in the area is the main challenge the hotel faces. What the hotel needs to do is to â€Å"think outside the box.† Jones (2001, p.82) says that consumers are increasingly looking for â€Å"solutions†, where product, service, advice and expertise are seamlessly integrated. Innovation is important in any industry. It is important for the hotel we are looking at. Innovation with products and services will give the business a competitive edge against competitors in the vicinity. It will give value and uniqueness to the product and services offered and it is up to the managers of the hotel to think of â€Å"solutions† for the customers. Once consumers needs are determined and agreed, then can the innovators work out precisely what to deliver to the consumers and when. It is sensible to learn from past mistakes. A lesson learned from automakers from the past is this – while western automakers focused on ‘adding luxury’ to their vehicles, Japanese automakers focused on ‘adding quality to everything’ (Tennant 2001, p. 4). It is a feature of any five-star establishment to be luxurious but the lesson the hotel can draw from this is to re-focus efforts not on adding luxury to the products offered but to the quality of existing products and services of the hotel. Continuing from this line of thought, the hotel can also do this – focus on quality – by adapting ‘lean’ principles in its operations. Lean principles state that expenditures of resources, if not seen by consumers as value-adding or worthy, should be eradicated (Holweg 2007). This practice reduces unnecessary costs and staffing requirements. For the management of a luxury hotel though, it can be hard to decide if the luxuries offered are reasonable. There is a fine line for five-star establishments between lux uries and those extras that should be eradicated because in definition, luxuries are extra indulgences conductive to pleasure and comfort (Luxury n.d.). The hotel can also do to benchmark. Benchmarking is identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and adapting the industry’s best practices for the advantage of the hotel (Boxwell 1994). The hotel has function rooms that can be used for all kinds of events, from weddings to conferences. Von Starck (2004, para. 3), a general manager of a five-star restaurant and a consultant on hotel marketing issues, particularly on food and beverage issues, says that the design and furniture of function rooms gives an establishment a big advantage. Socialites and brides, in particular, are heavily attracted to the appearance. Food and beverage is also important in drawing good reviews. Food, he says, should be imaginative, with good presentation. The service provided is also important. The quality of service will keep customers coming back developing good relations to clients. Von Starck (2004, para. 6), also said that hotels could really boost sales by working on their menus. By customizing the style, pictures, and look of the design, menus could target different audiences, separately and discretely. Another good marketing strategy practiced by hotels is to bring a personal touch to their websites. Von Starck (2004, para. 1) claims it a fact that the most visited websites are those that include stories and bios about employees of the establishment. The reasoning behind this is that people want to know about the people behind the business. In addition to what the business offers to its customers and what the staff is like, people want to know how these will reflect on them. They want to know if the business will coincide with their personality and lifestyles. They want to know if the business is worth paying and they base these off the websites. The internet is the most convenient and economically friendly media both for busine sses and consumers (Negi 2011). The hotel’s website is a helpful tool in marketing if used wisely. Studies showed that people are increasingly using the internet to book reservations (Crick n.d.). There may come a time when it will become the only media for information gathering that people will use. The hotel having problems with its marketing implies that the current marketing operation is not effective or efficient anymore. Another concept that might help the business in the long run is the concept of business process re-engineering. Business process re-engineering or BPR means that process or work flow of marketing operation will be scrutinized, analyzed and changed if its performance is not effective or efficient for the hotel anymore (Business process re-engineering 2001). The steps in BPR requires the analyst to first identify the processes in the work flow, review and analyze the data and information gathered, design a new work flow, test the new work flow, and after adjustments, implement it. Implementation of BPR is said to be difficult. The rate of failure of BPR is over fifty percent (Revenaugh 1994). The process of changing the work flow takes time and persistence because it requires participation and cooperation of everyone involved. Possible Difficulties and Recommendations It is daunting to face major challenges, especially in the large-scale. Innovation always comes with risk. Implementation of new strategies requires careful planning and attention. There should always a contingency plan or a backup for when going through with a new radical idea. When implementing new strategies, there will be risks of failure. There is a potential that the business would lose more money than they would have gained. When benchmarking and adapting new practices, there is the potential that the best practices do not go well with the particular establishment. Working on smaller projects for the hotel might be more difficult. When working on menus and websi tes, it is noteworthy to be meticulous. A potential problem for the management when looking to eliminate products or services that add no value is the risk of opposite results. When implementing a new work process, problems such as resistance or difficulty in transition of persons involved is expected (Allen Fifield 1999). Careful planning is important when acting on new strategies. To avoid losing money and other set-backs, management should take the time to test products before buying them in bulk and be certain that new services offered will perform to standard before applying them to customers. Management should have contingency plans and emergency procedures for retaliating on defects and errors to stop problems at the earliest time. Maintenance and constant monitoring is necessary to avoid accidents. Opinions and suggestions should be welcomed and taken into account. Resources should be used wisely to avoid loses (Lean manufacturing techniques 2011). Summary of Key Findings B y analyzing the given business using several concepts in operational management, this paper was able to discuss and evaluate the hotel. To start, the hotel needs to think outside the box and implement a new marketing strategy to increase profitability – a demand from any establishment when competition is high in its area. To do this, management needs to add value to their products and services to meet consumers’ ever evolving wants and needs. Instead of focusing on adding luxury to the products and services, management should look at the current quality offered by the hotel and work on improving that. The lean practice of operational management suggests that the establishment eliminates products and/or services with no value to the customers, therefore reducing costs and unnecessary actions. The hotel can benefit greatly by benchmarking. Learning from the best in the industry and adapting practices that suit the establishment will allow the hotel to grow and be competi tive amidst heavy competition. Improving the establishment’s tools is helpful. Paying attention to menus and websites will subtly improve the hotel’s marketing. Adding personality gives the hotel uniqueness and advantage. Finally, the business process re-engineering method would be helpful in the long-run but be prepared for the difficulties it would ensue. Reference List 4 core marketing strategies n.d., marketingplan.net/marketing-responsibilities/. Allen, D Fifield, N 1999, ‘Re-engineering change in higher education’, Information Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 104-110. Best practices n.d., bestpracticehotel.com/. Boxwell, R 1994, Benchmarking for competitive advantage, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, London, UK. Business process re-engineering (BPR) 2001, http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process-reengineering. Crick, C n.d., Travel opinions – key influences on tourist decision making, http://ezinearticles.com/?Travel-Opinio nsKey-Influences-on-Tourist-Decision-Makingid=3296190. Holweg, M 2007, ‘The genealogy of lean production’, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 420-437. Jones, D 2001, ‘Thinking outside the box’, ECR Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 81-89. Lean manufacturing techniques for identifying waste 2011, http://manufacturing.hubspot.com/bid/30958/Lean-Manufacturing-Techniques-for-Identifying-Waste. Luxury n.d., merriam-webster.com/dictionary/luxury. Negi, S 2011, E-publishing: the most convenient, eco-friendly and 244 accessible online media, http://technology.ezinemark.com/e-publishing-the-most-convenient-eco-friendly-and-244-accessible-online-media-7d2dc205ae62.html. Privately owned n.d., investopedia.com/terms/p/privately-owned.asp#axzz1mirAxVZh. Revenaugh, D 1994, ‘Implementing major organizational change: can we really do it?’, The TQM Magazine, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 38-48. Shmoop Editiorial Team 2008, Types of economic systems, shmoop .com/economic-systems/types.html. Slack, N, Chambers, S Johnston, R 2010, Operations Management, 2nd edn, Pearson Education Limited, England. Star rating system hotel requirements for four, five star etc n.d., cerf-resort.com/hotelstarratings.html. Von Starck, E 2004, Food and beverage: how caterers can cream hotels and what to do to get the business back, panetieremarketing.com/news_articles/caterer_beats_hotels.html. Von Starck, E 2004, Menus that work as a sales tool, panetieremarketing.com/news_articles/hotel_menus_marketing_tools.html. Von Starck, E 2004, Personality on your web site and why, panetieremarketing.com/news_articles/personality_sells_website.html. Tennant, G 2001, Six sigma SPC and TQM in manufacturing and services, Gower Publishing Company, England. Tourists seek cheaper travel options 2012, cruiseshalong.com/content/tourists+seek+cheaper+travel+options+/8/2856.

Describe history of multiculturalism and its evolution in the United Essay

Describe history of multiculturalism and its evolution in the United States - Essay Example This text puts into perspective the history of multiculturalism and its evolution in the United States from the time of its inception. The United States is often referred to as melting point due to its cultural diversity. Multiculturalism began in the US in the late 19th century and was based on the pragmatism movement. At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a paradigm shift and multiculturalism was characterized by cultural pluralism and political symbolism (Bayor, 2011). The various dimensions of multiculturalism in the US emerged as a result of imperialistic tendencies by the European powers especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, the immigration tendencies by Eastern and Southern Europeans to the US marked the beginning of a diverse society (Frazier & Margai, 2010). Mass migration was experienced throughout the 20th century with the US being a home to various groups from diverse cultural backgrounds. Indians, Africans, Europeans and other racial groups gained root in the US with each outfit being identified by unique cultural features. The assumption at the advent of the multicultural era in the US was that every racial and ethnic group automatically got integrated into the American society. The assimilation process was established as a consequence of ensuring national unity. Essentially, the diverse cultural society of America ensured that various sectors of the society had to be institutionalized to deal with tendencies of domination and supremacy battles (Bayor, 2011). The institutionalization process was meant to ensure the free interaction of various cultures without barriers that would otherwise have threatened peaceful coexistence. Multiculturalism is a myth that that inspires America’s past and is an important symbol of national unity. Multiculturalism was institutionalized in a number of dimensions ranging from politics to education. The political angle of multiculturalism advocated equal

Gifts for Her in the Local Target shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gifts for Her in the Local Target shop - Essay Example Customers of the shop have an opportunity to choose any gift from the wide range of presented goods. They are arranged at shelves by category so if customer knows category he or she needs, he or she may select more gifts from this category. Also there is a website www.target.com where customer can find suitable for him or her gift in electronic catalogue. There is a Gift Finder tool at the website that helps customer to find appropriate gift by price or by category. It is possible to get to know if any definite gift available in specific local Target store. There is a Wal-Mart supermarket not far away the local Target shop where a lot of gifts is sold. Also there are a lot of small souvenir shops in this quarter and in neighbor quarter where customer also can buy gifts. The supermarket is direct competitor of the local Target shop, while small souvenir shops are indirect competitors. However, a distinguishing feature of the local Target shop is special section of gifts especially for girls and women. Wal-Mart does not have specific section of Gifts for Her, it has only Gifts and Flowers section. So Target's competitive advantage is that customer will be sure that gift he or she select is suitable for girl or women. The target audience is habitants, tourists and personnel of numerous offices from this quarter, and from neighbor quarters. Also staff and students from the university are customers of the Target shop. Target market segments Target market of the local Target shop is people from 16 to 80. The research had shown that 60% of the customers are people mostly from 16 to 35, while 25% of the customers are people mostly from 36 to 50 and 15% of the customers are people mostly from 51 to 80. Students, post-graduates, tourists and staff of nearby offices are included in the first category of the customers. Customers of the second category are tutors, habitants of the quarter, tourists and personnel of nearby companies. Pensioners and tourists are mostly included in the third category. All these customers are people, who have female friends or relatives. The first category of the customers (students, post-graduates and staff of nearby offices) are most likely to buy strong gifts from Fashion+Beauty category. Tourists and businessmen prefer gifts from Electronics category. There are also returning customers who buy gifts from Hobbies category; they are mostly pensioners and staff of the university. Advertisement Currently the local Target shop is advertising in order to reach customers or to be seen by customers through: Mass media: advertisement on the local radio station Display: location, building, signing, window/counter/shelf display, environment, decoration, printed materials One-on-one: in person, by letter, and telephone